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Photon Structure
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Rotating binary positronic and negatronic
components generate a wave propagating
at the speed of light
(Photon Structure - Resolution of
the Wave-Particle Duality, Published
Dec. 10, 1979 by Timothy Edward Long)
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Matter is formed when the photon (gammaray) energy
exceeds Pair Formation threshold energy of 1.0216 MeV
(see Matter from Light graphic on link below). As photons are guage bosons,
photons of this energy have this special "creation" mechanism,
where electron mass and positron mass are created simultaneously.
Some of the pairs recombine in the annihilation process but others
would separate into free electrons and positrons which could act
in electric currents, or become atomic components.
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- Photon Structure provides a physical mechanism for the propagation of light while describing why a specific wavelength is associated with a specific quantum of energy. A dramatic example can be found in the pair formation, or "creation" mechanism of the 1.0216 MeV ("pair formation threshold") gammaray which will decay into an electron (negatron) and a positron. Conversely, and even more intriguing, is the "annihilation" process whereby an electron and a positron merge, transforming into two gammarays, each of one-half threshold gammaray energy and traveling in opposite directions due to conservation of energy and momentum. These processes alone provide the basic observational proof for the existence of this structural mechanism.
Two oppositely charged particles (positronic and negatronic components, or partons) are attracted by their charges. Plasma research at Los Alamos, N.M. and other facilities have demonstrated that the oppositely charged particles' forces act at right angles resulting in a rotational motion that translates linearly. (This, by the way, is the same force that propagates an electron along a conductor, which provides the oppositely charged component.) The "right-hand rule" interaction of the oppositely charged particles locks the orbital radius of the pair into a specific wavelength due to the centrifugal force provided by the rotation.
References:
Frazer, William, "The Photon Structure - Will It Test QCD At Present Energies?" Fourth International Colloquium on Photon-Photon Interactions, World scientific, Singapore, 1981. Freedman, Stuart; Holt, Richard and Papaliolios, Costas, "Experimental Status of Hidden Variable Theories," Quantum Mechanics, Determinism,Causality and Particles, ed. by Flato, M. et al, D. reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1976. Gamow, George, Thirty years that Shook Physics, Doubleday & Co., 1966. Goldhaber, Alfred and Nieto, Michael, "The Mass of the Photon," Scientific American, May 1976. Hubble, Edwin, "The Exploration of Space," Theories of the Universe, ed. by Munitz, M.K., The Free Press, Il., 1957. Jenkins, Francis and White, Harvey, Fundamentals of Optics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976. Lande, Alfred, From Dualism to Unity in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge, 1960. Long, Timothy E., Photon Structure: Resolution of the Wave-Particle Duality, Maaret DeGroff, N.M., 1979. Long, Timothy E., The Status of the Light Principle in the Foundations of Special Relativity Theory, University of New Mexico, 1985, UMI, 1986. Perkins, W.A., "Neutrino Theory of Photons," Physical Review, Vol. 137, No. 5B, March 8, 1965.
- Photon Decay accounts for the universal red shift. Rather than the Big Bang, creation results from anomolous constructive interference of electromagnetic radiation from the longest wavelength and lowest energy through the spectrum until pair formation creates beta particles which aggregate into atoms.
- The mass (and charge) of the Proton is one electron less than the Neutron. Aggregates of Positron-Electron pairs create Neutrons and Protons rather than the eightfold way of QCD's fractional charges.
- The Pauli Exclusion Principle is due to Positron-Electron pairs completing electron shell orbitals. (The ratio of the radius of the Electron-Positron pairs to the Hydrogen atom radius is known as the Fine Structure Constant.) Thus, the anti-matter universe is within us, balanced in a mutually attractive (due to charge) and repulsive (due to centrifugal force from the 'right hand rule' interaction of the charged particles) structure which locks each of the photon's components into a specifically defined orbital radius (This is the fundamental physical interaction from which all other forces are derived; and it generates the forces of motion and change in relative positions for the referential system we refer to as "Time"). Any charge imbalance in the atom results in reactivity --- otherwise, this resultant microgravity prevails.
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